{"id":5174,"date":"2021-04-20T19:55:58","date_gmt":"2021-04-21T00:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/?p=5174"},"modified":"2021-04-20T19:56:13","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T00:56:13","slug":"libros-de-texto-como-estado-ideologico-priista-vigente-y-nexos-como-responsables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/?p=5174","title":{"rendered":"Libros de Texto, como Estado ideol\u00f3gico priista vigente y Nexos como responsables"},"content":{"rendered":"

Como\u00a0<\/span>historiador<\/span>\u00a0del PRI<\/span>\u00a0como\u00a0<\/span>partido<\/span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>cr\u00edtico<\/span>\u00a0de sus\u00a0<\/span>pr\u00e1cticas<\/span>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>control<\/span><\/b>\u00a0social, el\u00a0<\/span>polit\u00f3logo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Luis<\/span>\u00a0Javier Garrido lleg\u00f3 a acu\u00f1ar una frase que\u00a0<\/span>cal\u00f3<\/span><\/b>\u00a0hondo en el ambiente cultural\u00a0<\/span>mexicano<\/span>: \u201cen M\u00e9xico\u00a0<\/span>todos<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>somos<\/span><\/b>\u00a0pri\u00edstas hasta demostrar lo\u00a0<\/span>contrario<\/span><\/b>\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En\u00a0<\/span>los<\/span>\u00a0hechos, Garrido ser refer\u00eda a la\u00a0<\/span>existencia<\/span>\u00a0de un<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>E<\/span>st<\/span>ado cultural<\/span>\u00a0ideol\u00f3gico del PRI que se\u00a0<\/span>impon\u00eda<\/span><\/b>\u00a0en\u00a0<\/span>la<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>configuraci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0de las mentalidades de los mexicanos<\/span>: la educaci\u00f3n ha sido lo que advirti\u00f3 Althusser: un\u00a0<\/span>aparato<\/span><\/b>\u00a0ideol\u00f3gico del Estado<\/span>. Entre otros mecanismos, uno era\u00a0<\/span>clave<\/span>: los libros de texto gratuito que eran\u00a0<\/span>obligatorios<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>y excluyentes\u00a0<\/span>y en ellos se conjugaba la interpretaci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>ideol\u00f3gica<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>obligatoria<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>de M\u00e9<\/span>xico como<\/span>\u00a0la\u00a0<\/span>apropiaci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>pri\u00edsta<\/span>\u00a0de la historia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El\u00a0<\/span>ensayista<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>marxista<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Jos\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0Revueltas lo\u00a0<\/span>vio<\/span>\u00a0con\u00a0<\/span>claridad<\/span><\/b>.\u00a0<\/span>En<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>introducci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0en 1976 a<\/span>\u00a0la reedici\u00f3n de<\/span>\u00a0su ensayo de 1958\u00a0<\/span>M\u00e9xico: una democracia b\u00e1rbara<\/span><\/i>, Revueltas\u00a0<\/span>aport\u00f3<\/span><\/b>\u00a0a la ciencia\u00a0<\/span>pol\u00edtica<\/span>\u00a0mexicana una definici\u00f3n del\u00a0<\/span>r\u00e9gimen pri\u00edsta: \u201cEl\u00a0<\/span>Estado<\/span>\u00a0mexicano no es\u00a0<\/span>totalitario<\/span>\u201d, es un \u201cEstado\u00a0<\/span>ideol\u00f3gico<\/span><\/b>\u00a0total y\u00a0<\/span>totalizador<\/span>\u201d y se impon\u00eda sobre las mas<\/span>a<\/span>s por dos caminos: la\u00a0<\/span>ideolog\u00eda<\/span><\/b>\u00a0oficial<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u00eda la educaci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>y el control de las\u00a0<\/span>relaciones<\/span><\/b>\u00a0sociales en el PRI.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La educaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica como\u00a0<\/span>eje<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>instrumental<\/span>\u00a0de los gobiernos revolucionarios y\u00a0<\/span>posrevolucionarios<\/span>\u00a0pri\u00edstas<\/span>\u00a0tuvo\u00a0<\/span>dos<\/span><\/b>\u00a0dinamos\u00a0<\/span>fundamentales<\/span>: en 1934 el presidente\u00a0<\/span>C\u00e1rdenas<\/span>\u00a0llev\u00f3 a la\u00a0<\/span>Constituci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0la\u00a0<\/span>educaci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0socialista\u00a0<\/span>sin<\/span><\/b>\u00a0lucha de clases, s\u00f3lo como definici\u00f3n ideol\u00f3gica cient\u00edfica; y en 1946 el presidente Alem\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span>reform\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0el\u00a0<\/span>art\u00edculo<\/span>\u00a03\u00a0<\/span>constitucional<\/span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/span>definir<\/span><\/b>\u00a0el modelo pri\u00edsta de\u00a0<\/span>bienestar<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>como\u00a0<\/span>placvebo<\/span>\u00a0de democracia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Con el apoyo de Salinas de Gortari, dos importantes miembros de la Comisi\u00f3n Binacional\u00a0<\/span>Mexico<\/span>-EU propusieron en 1987 la\u00a0<\/span>reescritura<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de los libros de texto para\u00a0<\/span>lobotomizar<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0sus puntos conflictivos referidos al conflicto hist\u00f3rico con EE. UU. por el robo de la mitad del territorio en 1847. En el documento\u00a0<\/span>El desaf\u00edo de la Interdependencia<\/span><\/i>, Carlos Fuentes y H\u00e9ctor Aguilar Cam\u00edn (Grupo (A)<\/span>Nexos<\/span><\/i>) adelantaron la\u00a0<\/span>fusi\u00f3n<\/span><\/b>\u00a0comercial bilateral, pero a condici\u00f3n de desaparecer de la conciencia mexicana\u00a0<\/span>educativa<\/span><\/b>\u00a0el tema de Texas, Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Arizona, California y otros territorios mexicanos robados.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Y en 1992, con Zedillo como secretario\u00a0<\/span>salinista de<\/span>\u00a0Educaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica, el gobierno mexicano le\u00a0<\/span>cedi\u00f3<\/span><\/b>\u00a0al\u00a0<\/span>Grupo\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(A)<\/span><\/i>Nexos<\/span><\/i>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>Aguilar<\/span>\u00a0Cam\u00edn la\u00a0<\/span>revisi\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>reescritura<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de los libros de texto gratuito, con el nunca\u00a0<\/span>olvidado<\/span>\u00a0tema\u00a0<\/span>incluido<\/span>\u00a0del movimiento estudiantil de 1968 y la referencia a la\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>matanza<\/span><\/i>\u00a0de Tlatelolco<\/span>\u201d, dec\u00edan, por<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>parte<\/span>\u00a0de las fuerzas armadas. El\u00a0<\/span>debate<\/span><\/b>\u00a0fue tan intenso, que Salinas y\u00a0<\/span>Zedillo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>recularon<\/span><\/b>\u00a0y tuvieron que guillotinar millones de\u00a0<\/span>libros<\/span>\u00a0para que\u00a0<\/span>no<\/span><\/b>\u00a0se oficializara\u00a0<\/span>el nuevo enfoque ideol\u00f3gico del neoliberalismo.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En este\u00a0<\/span>contexto<\/span><\/b>\u00a0se debe asumir la iniciativa\u00a0<\/span>del<\/span>\u00a0gobierno del\u00a0<\/span>presidente<\/span>\u00a0L\u00f3pez Obrador para\u00a0<\/span>revisar<\/span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>reescribir<\/span>\u00a0los libros de texto, a fin de\u00a0<\/span>revalidar<\/span><\/b>\u00a0y redinamizar su\u00a0<\/span>propuesta de<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Cuarta<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Transformaci\u00f3n<\/span>. En los hechos, los libros actuales son\u00a0<\/span>fuente<\/span><\/b>\u00a0educativa en la formaci\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os del Estado\u00a0<\/span>neoliberal<\/span>\u00a0salinista.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La\u00a0<\/span>obligatoriedad<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de los libros de\u00a0<\/span>texto<\/span>\u00a0como esencia del\u00a0<\/span>conocimiento<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>educativo<\/span>\u00a0en los niveles de educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica y media\u00a0<\/span>conduce a la\u00a0<\/span>interpretaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b>\u00a0oficial de la realidad nacional que debe de cincelar la conciencia de los ni\u00f1os. El contenido de los libros ha<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>construido la\u00a0<\/span>interpretaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de la historia\u00a0<\/span>que<\/span>\u00a0deben memorizar<\/span>\u00a0los ni\u00f1os, con la\u00a0<\/span>circunstancia<\/span>\u00a0agravante de que la contrarrevoluci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>neoliberal<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>Salinas<\/span>\u00a0de Gortari\u00a0<\/span>mantuvo la esencia de\u00a0<\/span>dominaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de la ideolog\u00eda oficial de la\u00a0<\/span>historia<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>pero<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>liquid\u00f3<\/span><\/b>\u00a0la\u00a0<\/span>Revoluci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0Mexicana\u00a0<\/span>en\u00a0<\/span>el PRI y\u00a0<\/span>en\u00a0<\/span>la realidad e impuso el\u00a0<\/span>concepto<\/span><\/b>\u00a0juarista de \u201cliberalismo social\u201d que\u00a0<\/span>fund\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0el\u00a0<\/span>capitalismo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>privado<\/span>\u00a0que luego\u00a0<\/span>potenciar\u00eda<\/span>\u00a0el juarista Porfirio\u00a0<\/span>D\u00edaz<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Los libros de texto\u00a0<\/span>quedaron<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tocados<\/span><\/b>\u00a0por la reescritura de\u00a0<\/span>algunas<\/span>\u00a0de sus partes<\/span>\u00a0q<\/span>ue\u00a0<\/span>hicieron<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>los\u00a0<\/span>expertos del\u00a0<\/span>G<\/span><\/i>r<\/span><\/i>upo<\/span><\/i>(A)<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Nexos<\/span><\/i>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>Aguilar<\/span>\u00a0Cam\u00edn para\u00a0<\/span>fortalecer<\/span><\/b>\u00a0el neoliberalismo salinista. La 4\u00aa-T de L\u00f3pez\u00a0<\/span>Obrador<\/span>\u00a0quiere\u00a0<\/span>reconstruir<\/span><\/b>\u00a0el papel\u00a0<\/span>preponderante<\/span>\u00a0del Estado como una instancia ideol\u00f3gica y\u00a0<\/span>econ\u00f3mica<\/span>\u00a0y para ello\u00a0<\/span>necesita<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>destruir<\/span><\/b>\u00a0las bases ideol\u00f3gicas del\u00a0<\/span>r\u00e9gimen<\/span>\u00a0pri\u00edsta\u00a0<\/span>neoliberal<\/span>\u00a0de Salinas que sigui\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>vigente<\/span><\/b>\u00a0–obvio–\u00a0<\/span>con<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l<\/span>os panistas Vicente F<\/span>ox y Felipe Calder\u00f3n y desde luego con el salinista Pe\u00f1a Ni<\/span>eto.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En el fondo,\u00a0<\/span>siguiendo<\/span><\/b>\u00a0a Luis\u00a0<\/span>Javier<\/span>\u00a0G<\/span>a<\/span>rrido, los mexicanos siguen\u00a0<\/span>siendo<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>for<\/span><\/b>j<\/span><\/b>ados<\/span><\/b>\u00a0como\u00a0<\/span>pri\u00edstas<\/span>\u00a0a trav\u00e9s de l<\/span>o<\/span>s libros de texto\u00a0<\/span>gratuito<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pol\u00edtica para\u00a0<\/span><\/b>dummies<\/span><\/i><\/b>: La historia, adem\u00e1s de la lucha de clases, es producto de la batalla por las ideas v\u00eda la educaci\u00f3n.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El contenido de esta columna es responsabilidad exclusiva del columnista y no del peri\u00f3dico que la publica.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/indicadorpolitico.mx<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

indicadorpoliticomx@gmail.com<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

@carlosramirezh<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Canal YouTube:\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/t.co\/2cCgm1Sjgh<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Como\u00a0historiador\u00a0del PRI\u00a0como\u00a0partido\u00a0y\u00a0cr\u00edtico\u00a0de sus\u00a0pr\u00e1cticas\u00a0de\u00a0control\u00a0social, el\u00a0polit\u00f3logo\u00a0Luis\u00a0Javier Garrido lleg\u00f3 a acu\u00f1ar una frase que\u00a0cal\u00f3\u00a0hondo en el ambiente cultural\u00a0mexicano: \u201cen M\u00e9xico\u00a0todos\u00a0somos\u00a0pri\u00edstas hasta demostrar lo\u00a0contrario\u201d.\u00a0 En\u00a0los\u00a0hechos, Garrido ser refer\u00eda a la\u00a0existencia\u00a0de un\u00a0Estado cultural\u00a0ideol\u00f3gico del PRI que se\u00a0impon\u00eda\u00a0en\u00a0la\u00a0configuraci\u00f3n\u00a0de las mentalidades de los mexicanos: la educaci\u00f3n ha sido lo que advirti\u00f3 Althusser: un\u00a0aparato\u00a0ideol\u00f3gico del Estado. Entre otros mecanismos, uno era\u00a0clave: los libros […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[287,36,1522,268,830,1521,270],"class_list":["post-5174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-columna-indicador-politico","tag-4t","tag-amlo","tag-educacon","tag-hector-aguilar-camin","tag-ideologia","tag-libros-de-texto-gratuios","tag-nexos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5174"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5174\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indicadorpolitico.com.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}